? ? ? 1. 難怪他們遇到那么大的麻煩。
誤:No wonder did they have so much trouble.
正:No wonder (that) they had so much trouble.
析:no wonder 后接 that 從句時(shí)(=難怪,并不奇怪),其后的句子不用倒裝。又如:No wonder (that) she didn’t like it. 難怪她不喜歡這東西。
?注:該結(jié)構(gòu)為 It’s no wonder that...之省略,其中的 no 也可用 little, small 等代之,如:?
?Small wonder that he was so tired. 難怪他那么累。
?It’s no wonder you can’t sleep when you eat so much. 你吃得太飽,自然睡不著。
2.很多人本來可以獲救的卻死了。
誤:A lot of men died who could be saved.
正:A lot of men died who could have been saved.
析:對(duì)過去情況進(jìn)行推測(cè),要在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后接完成式,而不能接一般式。有時(shí)含有責(zé)備或后悔之意。又如:You could/might have made greater progress. 你的進(jìn)步本來可以更大一些的。
3. 你最好帶些錢,以防萬一。
誤:You’d better carry some money for case.
正:You’d better carry some money in case.
析:in case 通常用作連詞,用以引導(dǎo)狀語從句,但有時(shí)也可單獨(dú)使用,起副詞作用,意為“以防萬一”,不過這種用法??膳c其連詞用法轉(zhuǎn)換,如上面一句也可說成 You’d better carry some money in case you need it.
?注意:for case不合英語表達(dá)習(xí)慣。
4. 你最好不要讓老板逮住你上班睡覺。
誤:You’d better not let the boss catch you to sleep at work.
正:You’d better not let the boss catch you sleeping at work.
析:表示意外地碰上某人在做某事,用 catch sb doing sth。
5. 這部照相機(jī)不夠好,我想換一部。
誤:The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change another.
正:The camera isn’t good enough; I want to change it (for another).
析:這里說的“換一部”,其實(shí)是指用一部照相機(jī)去換另一部照相機(jī),所以用 change sth for sth else 這一句型。又如:You had better change that shirt for a large one. 你最好把那件襯衣去換件大號(hào)的。
6. 我們寫信祝賀她當(dāng)選為勞模。
誤:We wrote to congratulate her to be chosen as a modern worker.
正:We wrote to congratulate her on being chosen as a modern worker.
析:congratulate(祝賀)不接不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。記住常用句型 congratulate sb on /upon (doing) sth。
7. 據(jù)說新鐵路正在修建當(dāng)中。
誤:It’s said that the new railway is under the construction.
正:It’s said that the new railway is under construction.
析:under construction 是習(xí)語,意為“在建設(shè)中”“在興建中”,其中不用冠詞。
?類似地還有:under discussion 在討論中 / under fire 在炮火中 / under examination 在檢查(調(diào)查)中 / under consideration 在考慮中 / under repair 在修理中 / under medical treatment 在治療中 / under attack 受到襲擊 / under study 在研究中 / under review 在檢查中。
8. 我怎樣與你聯(lián)系?
誤:How can contact with you?
正:How can contact you?
析:contact 是及物動(dòng)詞,其意為“與……聯(lián)系”,不要按漢語意思在其后誤加介詞 with。注:contact的賓語除了是人外,也可以是地點(diǎn),如:I just contacted his office direct. 我直接跟他辦公室聯(lián)系了。
9. 如果你感到方便的話,我就來。
誤:I’ll come if you are convenient.
正:I’ll come if it is convenient for/to you.
析:convenient 的實(shí)際意思是“使人感到方便的”, 而不是“感覺到方便的”,所以不要按漢語意思將 be convenient的主語用“人”充當(dāng)。比較:
Railway is convenient. 鐵路方便。
Traveling is convenient for people, where there are railways. 哪里有鐵路,哪里的人旅行就方便。
10. 這座教堂是六世紀(jì)建的。
誤:The church was dated back to/dated from 1176.
正:The church dates back to/dates from 1176.
析:date back to 或 date from 兩者意義相同,均指“自某時(shí)起存在至今”(=have existed since),兩者均不能用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
?順使說一句,這類句子通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),而不用一般過去時(shí),除非所談?wù)摰闹黧w現(xiàn)在已不復(fù)存在。如:The church, which dated back to the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.(那座教堂是13世紀(jì)建成的,兩年前在一次地震中被毀了)。