2022年甘肅省專升本考試時間為4月23日，距離考試時間越來越近，為了幫助考生能取得好成績，下面庫課李老師給考生整理了甘肅專升本英語知識匯總—動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)，希望對考生有幫助。
甘肅專升本英語知識匯總—動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)
1. ?？嫉膭釉~時態(tài)和用法：(以do為例)
一般現(xiàn)在時do/does(is/am/are)1. 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生、習慣性動作、客觀真理、科學事實、格言，目前的特征、狀態(tài)、能力等。2. 主句是一般將來時，時間、條件狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來(主將從現(xiàn))。If it rains tomorrow, I won’t go there.注：能引導時間、條件狀語從句的連詞有when, if, after, before, as, as soon as, the minute, the next time, in case, till, until, unless, so long as等。常見標志詞：every …, sometimes, at …, on Sunday, always, usually, sometimes, seldom
一般過去時
did(was/were)表達特定的過去時間內發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀況，或過去某一時間內經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或行為。I drank a glass of water two minutes ago常見標志詞：then, yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982
現(xiàn)在進行時
is/am/are doing1. 表示正在進行的動作。2. 表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。She is leaving for Beijing. / He is working as a teacher tomorrow.常見標志詞：(1)now, right now, at the moment等時間狀語;(2)look, listen等詞常用于句子的開頭，表示提醒聽者注意正在發(fā)生的事情
過去進行時was/were doing1. 表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內正在進行的動作。(這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示)He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.2. 表示一過去的動作在另一過去動作發(fā)生時進行。They were still working when I left.3. 用在兩個過去進行時動作同時發(fā)生。I was writing while he was watching TV.4. 表示過去將來動作。He said she was arriving the next day.常見標志詞：this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening…, when, while, at that time
現(xiàn)在完成時has/have done1. 表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結果，說話時已完成的動作。I have finished the report.She has cleaned the room.2. 表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for...”,“since...”表述的一段時間狀語連用。He has learned English for six years.They have worked here since they left college.3. 表示“曾經(jīng)到過某地(人已回來)”用have/ has been to，表示“到某地去了(還未回來)”用have/ has gone to。常見標志詞：by+現(xiàn)在時間, for, since, already, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/ until, up to now, in (the) past years, always, recently
過去完成時had done1. 表示在過去某一時間以前已經(jīng)完成的動作。He had shut the door before the dog came up.2. 表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，甚至還要繼續(xù)下去。At the age of ten, he had learned 500 English words.3. 常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等動詞的過去完成時來表示未實現(xiàn)的希望、打算或意圖。We had expected that you would be able to win the match.常見標志詞：by/by the time/by the end of+過去時間, up until then, up until last night, when/before/after+過去時間
現(xiàn)在完成進行時has/have been doing用來表示從過去某一時刻開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動作。He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.常見標志詞：for+時間段, since+時間段/點/從句, all the time, all one’s life, during the night
過去完成進行時had been doing表示動作或狀態(tài)從過去某個時刻開始一直延續(xù)到另一個過去時刻才完成，還將繼續(xù)下去。She had been suffering from a bad cold before she took the exam.常見標志詞：up until then, up until last night, when/before/after+過去時間(參見過去完成時標志詞)
一般將來時will/shall do;is/am/are going to do/ (about) to do一般將來時表示將來要發(fā)生的動作和存在的狀況。I will call you when my mother comes back.It’s going to rain soon. / He is (about) to go abroad.常見標志詞：next…, tomorrow, in+時間, … later, in the long run, in the future
過去將來時would/should do;was/were going to do; was/were (about) to do1. 相對于過去某一時刻而言即將發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。He told me he would go to Beijing.2. would do(表示過去的習慣)總是，總會，常常。He would sit silent for hours.
2. 容易混淆的時態(tài)比較
時態(tài)重難點1：一般過去時 VS 現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去的動作與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，主要說明的是現(xiàn)在的情況和狀態(tài);一般過去時強調動作發(fā)生在過去，與現(xiàn)狀不發(fā)生聯(lián)系。如：We haven’t seen him since last year. (現(xiàn)在還沒見到)We didn’t see him last year. (現(xiàn)在不一定沒見到)She has lived in Paris for twenty years. (現(xiàn)在還在巴黎)She lived in Paris for twenty years. (現(xiàn)在不在巴黎)
時態(tài)重難點2：by+時間點by+過去時間，謂語用過去完成時，如：By the time he was ten, he had learnt about 1,000 English words.by+現(xiàn)在時間，謂語用現(xiàn)在完成時，如：I have had my lunch by now.by+將來時間，謂語用將來完成時，如：By the end of this year, they will have finished work on the new stadium.
3. 被動語態(tài)的特殊情況
(1)主動表被動a. 表示主語的內在品質或性能的詞：cut, sell, read, write, fill, cook, lock, wash等;感官動詞：look, smell, taste, sound, feel及系動詞：remain, prove, turn out等，用主動形式表被動。如：The apples taste good. / The news proved/turned out true.The clothes wash well. / The book sells well.The dish tastes delicious. / Water feels very cold.b. 通常在主語是物，謂語是want, need, require等動詞時，表示“事物客觀上需要……”，后一般加動名詞來表示被動。如：The window wants / needs / requires repairing.The book is worth reading twice.
(2)無被動語態(tài)的動詞及短語不及物動詞或動詞短語無被動語態(tài)(即多數(shù)的瞬間動詞)：appear, die (死亡), disappear (消失), end (vi. 結束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place, succeed in, suffer from, take part in, belong to等。