對于專升本英語來說,動詞是最難學(xué)的一個實詞類別。縱觀歷屆考試命題,有關(guān)動詞的內(nèi)容占的比例相當(dāng)大,它常常與時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語境交際等諸方面揉合起來,進(jìn)行綜合測試。通過專升本考試試題,我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)??嫉膶I居⒄Z“主打”動詞有以下這些:
一. 表示“使/讓······”概念的動詞
這類動詞常見的有:have, let, make, get, keep, drive, send, leave, force,
cause等.它們后邊分別可跟不定式,分詞,形容詞、介詞短語,名詞等作賓語補(bǔ)足語。
例如:I felt sorry to have kept you waiting for me so long. 對不起,讓你久等了。
The victory sent our spirits rising. 勝利使得我們情緒高漲。
二. 不定式做賓補(bǔ),不定式符號可以省略的動詞
常見的有: see, watch, hear, observe, feel, notice, listen to, look at等感官動詞及表示使役概念的have, let, make等。這類詞在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,其后不定式符號 to常補(bǔ)出。
例如:We are made to work far into the night. 我們被迫干活到深夜。
注:在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,watch,have,let一般不變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)。
如: The boy was watched to come out。(誤)
三. 不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語其后內(nèi)容省略而只保留不定式符號的動詞
此類動詞常見的有:refuse, want, intend, oblige, mean, expect,tell, hope, like, love, plan, try, prefer, wish等。
例如:-----Why did you cause the baby cry?
-----I didn't mean to.
四. 引導(dǎo)賓語從句用虛擬語氣的動詞
這類動詞在引導(dǎo)賓語從句時常用:should+動詞原形,should可以省略,常見的有:order, demend, suggest, insist, require, advise, decide, propose等。
例如:He ordered that we should do it at once. 他要求我們立即完成這項工作。
He advised we should do more speaking practice in order to improve our English. 他建議我們要想提高英語水平應(yīng)練習(xí)說。
英語的真正提升,不是你多背了幾個單詞或者會多說一句話。所以,想要有質(zhì)的進(jìn)步還要良好的英文閱讀習(xí)慣,雖然開始你可能很困難像看天書一樣,堅持一個月,養(yǎng)成一個好習(xí)慣,變化就在不知不覺間。
五. 形式主動、意義被動的動詞
常見的有:work, open, close, write, cut, look, teach, operate, run, keep, burn, last等。此類詞的主語常為物。而且還常與表示特征、狀況、行為、方式的副詞well, easily, long等連用。
例如:The clothing sells well.
This kind of fruit can keep long.
六. 充當(dāng)系動詞的行為動詞
這類動詞不能單獨(dú)構(gòu)成動詞詞組,其后須帶有表語(名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語,不定式,V-ing,V-ed)構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu),常見的有feel, sound, taste, look, smell, seem, appear, become, turn, grow, make, go, run, keep, stay, prove等。
例如:It sounded like a train that was going under my house.
聽起來,象有火車在樓下飛馳而過。
Keep fit,study hard and wok well.
身體好,學(xué)習(xí)好,工作好。
七. 只接動名詞作賓語的動詞
此類動詞常見的有: appreciate, advise, suggest, finish, consider, enjoy, imagine, mind, miss, practise, keep, delay, risk, excuse, resist, avoid, escape, admit, forgive, permit, require, prevent, pardon, allow等。
例如:I appreciate her devoting herself to the cause of education.
我非常欽佩她獻(xiàn)身教育的精神。
Do you mind my asking a question?
我問你一個問題你不介意吧?
八. 既可接現(xiàn)在分詞又可接過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞
此類動詞常見的有:get, keep, have, leave, find, see, notice, hear等。
例如:He had the lights burning all night long.
Yesday Xiao Ming had his hair cut, I hardly recognized him.
九. 構(gòu)成固定短語的“短語動詞”
此類動詞在英語中數(shù)量較大。如:
act as 充當(dāng);beleve in 相信;come across 遇見;deal with 處理; engage in 從事;blead to 導(dǎo)致;refer to 提到;send for 派人前往; cut in 插嘴;die out 滅絕;set off 出發(fā);warm up 暖和起來;make fun of 取笑;make friends with與······交朋友; set fire on 點火;date back to 追溯到;get along with 與······相處;look forward to 期望;run out of 用光;do away with 廢除。
例如:We must look into the matter immediately.
我們必須馬上調(diào)查此事。
The old should learn form the young and keep up with the times.
老年人應(yīng)向青年人學(xué)習(xí),跟上時代發(fā)展的步伐。