留學(xué)生代寫(xiě)算違規(guī)嗎？
留學(xué)生找代寫(xiě)雖然不太被大眾接受，但在金錢(qián)至上的資本主義國(guó)家，也只是普普通通的商業(yè)活動(dòng)，很多人之所以帶有偏見(jiàn)，只是因?yàn)閷W(xué)校不允許，并不是觸犯了某個(gè)國(guó)家的法律。如果換一個(gè)環(huán)境，例如留學(xué)之前或者畢業(yè)之后，找人代寫(xiě)一篇Assignment或者幫人寫(xiě)一篇report，本就是再正常不過(guò)的事情了。
代寫(xiě)這種行為古已有之，歷史上大名鼎鼎的《呂氏春秋》就是由呂不韋的門(mén)客完成的，最后卻冠上了呂不韋的名字，依然奉為經(jīng)典，呂不韋甚至還成為諸子百家之一。很多著作都是由多人協(xié)同完成的，例如很多人號(hào)稱(chēng)是“獨(dú)立完成論文”，搜集資料、實(shí)踐調(diào)查、實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證等過(guò)程中依然少不了別人的輔助，而導(dǎo)師自己的論文，很多部分也有由學(xué)生幫忙整理的。我們?cè)u(píng)價(jià)是否“代寫(xiě)”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，主要是署名作者在整個(gè)寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中起到作用的大小，還有論文是否具有價(jià)值。
在代寫(xiě)留學(xué)作業(yè)活動(dòng)中，題目與寫(xiě)作要求都是作者本人定的，拿到作業(yè)以后通常也會(huì)根據(jù)自身情況進(jìn)行調(diào)整、修改。如果把這個(gè)過(guò)程比作一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，作者其實(shí)已經(jīng)參與了立項(xiàng)、監(jiān)督、匯總、發(fā)布等多個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，在整個(gè)過(guò)程中也是處于主導(dǎo)地位，發(fā)揮作用其實(shí)并不比實(shí)際寫(xiě)作者小。而且只要是正規(guī)機(jī)構(gòu)的代寫(xiě)，作業(yè)都是原創(chuàng)的、高質(zhì)量，完全具備一定的價(jià)值，并不是人們常說(shuō)的“偽造”、“作假”。
而且，留學(xué)生在國(guó)外，總會(huì)遇到一些不可避免的意外，找代寫(xiě)可能是為了救急，也可能是處于對(duì)西方教育制度中不好一面的應(yīng)對(duì)，很多時(shí)候代寫(xiě)為留學(xué)生解決了很多麻煩，且不會(huì)對(duì)成績(jī)?cè)斐刹缓糜绊懀@也是代寫(xiě)作業(yè)所以存在、發(fā)展的根本原因吧。
我們常見(jiàn)的代寫(xiě)作業(yè)情況包含以下幾種：想得高分（最主要原因）、不會(huì)寫(xiě)（主要是新生）、作業(yè)太多寫(xiě)不完、一些課程沒(méi)必要花費(fèi)時(shí)間。特別是對(duì)于新生來(lái)說(shuō)，如果最開(kāi)始就把自己寫(xiě)的作業(yè)交上去，很大概率會(huì)不合格，即使之后次次A以上，這個(gè)不合格也會(huì)一直出現(xiàn)在成績(jī)單中，影響之后的求職或者深造，這時(shí)候通過(guò)代寫(xiě)贏(yíng)得一個(gè)適應(yīng)的時(shí)間是十分必要的。想的高分或者作業(yè)太多兩種情況，純粹是特殊情況下應(yīng)急之舉。在我國(guó)的高校中，都會(huì)開(kāi)設(shè)一些“馬列主義”“古典文學(xué)鑒賞”之類(lèi)的課程，相信對(duì)此感興趣的國(guó)外留學(xué)生并不多。與此類(lèi)似，國(guó)外高校也會(huì)開(kāi)設(shè)很多與專(zhuān)業(yè)課無(wú)關(guān)的課程，這些課雖然不重要，也是要寫(xiě)作業(yè)，留學(xué)生找代寫(xiě)也是合理的。
中西方教育體制存在很大差異。在國(guó)內(nèi)，我們更青睞“試卷”這種考察方式，盡量減少老師個(gè)人情感對(duì)成績(jī)的影響，對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行客觀(guān)評(píng)價(jià)。而在西方，學(xué)校更喜歡把“論文”作為考察方式，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動(dòng)思考，也方便教師根據(jù)個(gè)人習(xí)慣制定差異化教學(xué)方案。留學(xué)生作業(yè)代寫(xiě)行業(yè)的存在，最大的弊端就是會(huì)誤導(dǎo)導(dǎo)師對(duì)你水平的判斷。但高等教育都是以自學(xué)為主的，導(dǎo)師的主要職責(zé)是引導(dǎo)與解惑。總體來(lái)講，并不會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生的實(shí)際成績(jī)?cè)斐商笥绊憽?/p>
綜上所述，代寫(xiě)留學(xué)作業(yè)并不違反法律（所有的留學(xué)國(guó)家都沒(méi)有禁止的法律，只是學(xué)校會(huì)根據(jù)實(shí)際情況加以限制），能夠幫助留學(xué)生應(yīng)對(duì)很多突發(fā)情況，且不會(huì)對(duì)學(xué)生成績(jī)?cè)斐商嘤绊懀诒匾獣r(shí)代寫(xiě)一下是可行的。但留學(xué)生本身還是要不斷提升自己的留學(xué)作業(yè)寫(xiě)作水平。
最后，無(wú)論是需要代寫(xiě)的同學(xué)還是不需要代寫(xiě)的同學(xué)，最終目的都是順利完成學(xué)業(yè)，給自己的留學(xué)生涯畫(huà)上圓滿(mǎn)的句號(hào)，只要能打到最后的目的，在非常時(shí)期采用一些非常手段也是無(wú)可厚非的。
回答原文鏈接：留學(xué)生代寫(xiě)違法嗎?
代做留學(xué)生作業(yè)的市場(chǎng)到底有多大非常大，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)留學(xué)生人數(shù)急劇上升，而且現(xiàn)在出國(guó)留學(xué)的門(mén)檻大大的降低，留學(xué)生能力，學(xué)習(xí)意圖已經(jīng)跟過(guò)往大不一樣，各種代寫(xiě)服務(wù)商層出不窮。一般來(lái)說(shuō)可以關(guān)注像英國(guó)，澳洲，甚至美國(guó)排名中等或靠后的院校，這些學(xué)校的華人學(xué)生大多是去鍍金，為求學(xué)歷，平時(shí)真正認(rèn)真念書(shū)的學(xué)生并不多，很多都是臨考時(shí)找替考，交作業(yè)時(shí)找代寫(xiě)。你可以這樣來(lái)設(shè)想，最起碼有3到4成的留學(xué)生是沒(méi)有能力完成學(xué)業(yè)的，然后你在參考往屆留學(xué)生人數(shù)，再加上增長(zhǎng)比例，按30%-40%去算，這樣就能評(píng)估你提到的市場(chǎng)的前景。市面上的平均價(jià)格是0.8元-1.2元人民幣每個(gè)單詞。essey最起碼1500-300字，如果是畢業(yè)論文，基本都在1萬(wàn)字到1萬(wàn)5千字。幫留學(xué)生寫(xiě)作業(yè)違法嗎？可以的，在微博上隨處可見(jiàn)留學(xué)生抱怨作業(yè)完不成，完不成就要掛科，掛科后果不堪設(shè)想甚至被遣返，所以為了順利完成學(xué)業(yè)，有不少留學(xué)生選擇幫寫(xiě)完成，其實(shí)也很正常，既來(lái)之，則安之。
一寫(xiě)作業(yè)的作用
? （1）經(jīng)過(guò)預(yù)習(xí)、上課、課后復(fù)習(xí)，知識(shí)究竟有沒(méi)有領(lǐng)會(huì)，有沒(méi)有記住，記到什么程度，知識(shí)能否應(yīng)用，應(yīng)用的能力有多強(qiáng)，這些學(xué)習(xí)效果問(wèn)題，單憑自我感覺(jué)是不準(zhǔn)確的。真正懂沒(méi)懂，記住沒(méi)記住，會(huì)不會(huì)應(yīng)用，要在做作業(yè)時(shí)通過(guò)對(duì)知識(shí)的應(yīng)用才能得到及時(shí)的檢驗(yàn)。
? （2）通過(guò)課堂學(xué)習(xí)，對(duì)新知識(shí)可以初步掌握?？墒菍?duì)在不同的具體情況下，如何應(yīng)用這些新知識(shí)，還不太清楚，而做作業(yè)正是對(duì)知識(shí)的具體應(yīng)用，使知識(shí)的掌握變得更加準(zhǔn)確、靈活和充實(shí)，使新知識(shí)不再是一種空洞的條文或死板的公式。
二如何高效的寫(xiě)作業(yè)
? （1）適當(dāng)休息。家長(zhǎng)總是擔(dān)心孩子，所以一定要守在身邊指導(dǎo)。其實(shí)這樣很不好的哦，會(huì)增加孩子的心理負(fù)擔(dān)的，想著有個(gè)家長(zhǎng)在身邊會(huì)很緊張，而且會(huì)對(duì)作業(yè)產(chǎn)生一種厭煩心理。
? （2）要有條理。正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法也是可以改變孩子的作業(yè)以及學(xué)業(yè)的！切記：作業(yè)要一科一科的做，不要東做一個(gè)西做一個(gè)，到時(shí)候思維就會(huì)像蜘蛛網(wǎng)一樣亂七八糟啦！而且正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法很重要，題目也要一題一題的做。
美國(guó)本科留學(xué)生作業(yè)抄襲被勸退無(wú)法畢業(yè)能申請(qǐng)碩士嗎？首先作業(yè)抄襲被勸退了本科無(wú)法畢業(yè)的情況是申請(qǐng)不到碩士的，因?yàn)樯暾?qǐng)碩士都是需要出具本科的學(xué)位證和成績(jī)單。在各大院校里學(xué)校一般都會(huì)有檢測(cè)作弊的系統(tǒng)，學(xué)生提交的作業(yè)是否有作業(yè)在這系統(tǒng)里一檢測(cè)就能看出來(lái)。而如果是網(wǎng)上復(fù)制下來(lái)的，提交之后，勢(shì)必被認(rèn)為是抄襲前面的人，可因?yàn)樽鳂I(yè)本就是花錢(qián)代寫(xiě)的，又不敢跟老師坦白，怕坦白后會(huì)遭到更嚴(yán)重的處罰，所以只能咬牙承認(rèn)是自己抄襲。但如果是第一次被學(xué)校發(fā)現(xiàn)抄襲一般都是警告處罰，如果在之前已經(jīng)有過(guò)處罰的前提下再出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，那就直接被勸退了。
但勸退之后也不是沒(méi)有別的辦法可以處理，一是可以通過(guò)轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)，但轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)也只能轉(zhuǎn)一些社區(qū)院校，過(guò)渡維持學(xué)生身份，而社區(qū)院校一般都是提供大學(xué)前兩年的基礎(chǔ)課程，畢業(yè)后可準(zhǔn)學(xué)到四年制大學(xué)繼續(xù)攻讀本科，或是一些終止性技術(shù)課程，畢業(yè)后直接就業(yè)。如果是一些大三，或是大四轉(zhuǎn)學(xué)的基本是沒(méi)有合適的課程可以選擇，并且這樣也很浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
如果不想浪費(fèi)時(shí)間的是可以直接申請(qǐng)英國(guó)授課型碩士，授課型碩士學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間為1年，修180個(gè)學(xué)分就可以畢業(yè)，畢業(yè)回國(guó)后還可以正常學(xué)歷認(rèn)證。
如果各方面條件不允許的情況下不能再出國(guó)留學(xué)了，受學(xué)歷認(rèn)證影響是可以帶著含有學(xué)位的留學(xué)回國(guó)證明和留信認(rèn)證回國(guó)，輔助證明在國(guó)外順利畢業(yè)的，回國(guó)后可以找一個(gè)不錯(cuò)的單位工作，另外回國(guó)證明也可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)免稅車(chē)。美國(guó)留學(xué)生作業(yè)，誰(shuí)能幫我寫(xiě)Critical Thought Paper
The sexual health care services in Shanghai, China, has been shown some progress in sexual health care by offering more service and mainly for free for people living around. This research will integrate some Chinese societal elements, such as traditional Chinese values as well as the changing of values to analyze how Shanghai is take an effort in providing sexual health care. It will also discuss how Shanghai is treating LGBTQ+ publicly. Meanwhile, the department of Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention has provided some free services with other sectors of health care in China, such as community health hospitals. This important sector will be analyzed in detail to illustrate the health care services that people can get access to.
People in Shanghai can get condoms in multiple ways. Since “Condoms remain the best form of simultaneous protection against sexually transited infections and unintended pregnancies” (Mullinax, et al., 2017, p.642), the ways of obtaining condoms are important in sexual health care. Any person in China is free to obtain some condoms from community health hospitals, which is not the only way that offers people condoms. In some hotels, they would provide free condoms or condoms at a fair price, such as several dollars for one box. Customers of hotels can get condoms in their rooms. But some hotels do not provide condoms in the room. Besides these special places. Compared with some western countries, there is no condom selling on China’s college campuses. When students need condoms, they can purchase from pharmacies, doctors at a normal hospital, and online shops, or get condoms from community health hospitals at no cost. The developed take-out service in China also enables Chinese customers to buy condoms or other related products online and the products will be delivered within about half an hour by delivers. This service is mainly provided in urban areas where the take-out service is well developed in China. This service can proceed in a kind of secret way where the deliverers would not know what the products are when they are packaged in a sealed box or bag by a pharmacy. The delivers can provide fast delivery service to meet the needs of customers. Since deliverers can normally reach the house from the house without the influences of the pandemic, the customers can receive an effective service especially when they do not want to go out and buy some condoms from a pharmacy at night.
China was well-known for its one-child policy, which put pressure on people to learn birth control. As one important normal approach to achieve this goal, community health hospitals have been the main places to provide people with free condoms. The community health hospitals also take the responsibility to provide sexual health care information to the people living around them. Since there are a large number of community health hospitals in China locate in every small community, the doctors in community health hospitals can offer more personalized and more private services for people who demand sexual health care information. The public hospitals provide services of STI/HIV test, which will normally cost like 10 US dollars, which is affordable for almost all the people who demand such a test. China also announced recently to reduce the tariff on HIV medicines, lowering the cost for consumers. The public hospitals in China have the authority to provide STI/HIV tests. Meanwhile, the public hospital is easy to find in urban areas. In rural areas, there is no such institute to provide STI/HIV tests.
As we have learned in class that HPV ranks the first in STI prevalence as well as incidents in the United States, it is worthy to discuss how Chinese people are coping with HPV. In recent five years, with increasing knowledge of HPV among the public, there is a huge demand for HPV vaccines. With this demand, the country is trying to import more HPV vaccines and some domestic universities have produced domestic HPV vaccines. The supplies of them could not normally meet the large demands in many cities. Even though both men and women can get HPV vaccines, in China, females are the main group to demand HPV vaccines. In many cities, they have to make appointments after months to get one shot. Meanwhile, the price for HPV vaccines is much higher than many common vaccines in China. One shot of four price HPV vaccine would cost about 500 US dollars. A nine-price HPV vaccine shot could cost about 900 US dollars and even more as it is highly demanded with a low supply. This phenomenon illustrates that more Chinese females are aware of the importance of the HPV vaccine.
It is studied that “HPV transmission via sex toys may be feasible” (Anderson, et al., 2014, p.2), showing the importance of mind the sanitation of sexual toys. However, in China, there can be no instruction provided by public health services concerning sex toys. Since traditional Chinese values do not consider sexual activities is a decent thing to talk about, the health information about sexual activities is not educated to the public. Sexual toys, as new products in China in recent years, are likely to be neglected when doctors are trying to educate some patients about sexual health care. Even Chinese doctors could be shy to talk about sexual toys as they are maintained within a certain group of consumers. The public lacks information about sexual toys. Even in Shanghai, a modern city of China, the Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention does not provide any information about sexual toys on its website (Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention, 2021).
LGBTQ+ is not openly accepted in Shanghai. Although many Western countries have allowed LGBTQ+, there is no public authority that shows an acceptance to it which can be seen from the marriage law. The marriage law has not made any modifications to allow LGBTQ+ couples. At the same time, the public does not show public acceptance of it. There are fewer LGBTQ+ movements in Shanghai than in America, which might be one of the reasons why Chinese society does not witness rapid development in LGBTQ+. Privately, there are many people who belong to LGBTQ+. Although they are not publicly accepted, they can normally go on streets like a couple without many biases in Shanghai since Shanghai is keeping to open to new ideas and new phenomenon. Nevertheless, this situation might be different in rural areas of China where elderly people normally hold traditional beliefs by considering LGBTQ+ abnormal. This has become a problem and an obstacle for some families which have children who belong to LGBTQ+. The development of LGBTQ+ is slow proceeding in current China.
In a conclusion, sexual health service is provided in many forms in Shanghai. The supply of condoms has multiples approaches where consumers can purchase, such as via the internet, take-out service, public hospitals, hotels. Community health hospitals also provide condoms for free, which are easy to find in communities. The test of STI/HIV is provided in public hospitals at a fair cost, about 10 US dollars. The public also shows an awareness of HPV by presenting a huge demand for imported HPV vaccines. Sexual toys are however hard to be mentioned in Shanghai while people hold a traditional value considering it is kind of unusual. Even doctors would be shy to talk about them. Moreover, LGBTQ+ has not been accepted by the public in Shanghai until now.
References:
Anderson, T. A., Schick, V., Herbenick, D., Dodge, B., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2014). A study of human papillomavirus on vaginally inserted sex toys, before and after cleaning, among women who have sex with women and men. Sexually transmitted infections, 90(7), 529-531.
Mullinax, M., Sanders, S., Dennis, B., Higgins, J., Fortenberry, J. D., & Reece, M. (2017). How condom discontinuation occurs: interviews with emerging adult women. The Journal of Sex Research, 54(4-5), 642-650.
The Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control & Prevention. (2021). “Sexual Disease Prevention”. Retrieved from: http://www.scdc.sh.cn/category/zcfg.shtml 免費(fèi)獲取《留學(xué)申請(qǐng)攻略》 一鍵領(lǐng)取