2019年考研英語二真題及答案解析
Section I Use of English
Directions:
Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)
Weighing yourself regularly is a wonderful way to stay aware of any significant weight fluctuations. 1 , when done too often, this habit can sometimes hurt more than it 2 .
As for me, weighing myself every day caused me to shift my focus from being generally healthy and physically active to focusing 3 on the scale. That was had to my overall fitness goats. I had gained weight in the form of muscle mass, but thinking only of 4 the number on the scale, I altered my training program. That conflicted with how I needed to train to 5 my goals.
I also found that weighing myself daily did not provide an accurate 6 of the hard work and progress I was making in the gym. It takes about three weeks to a month to notice any significant changes in your weight 7 altering your training program. The most 8 changes will be observed in skill level, strength and inches lost.
For these 9 , I stopped weighing myself every day and switched to a bimonthly weighing schedule 10 . Since weight loss is not my goal, it is less important for me to 11 my weight each week. Weighing every other week allows me to observe and 12 any significant weight changes. That tells me whether I need to 13 my training program.
I use my bimonthly weigh-in 14 to get information about my nutrition as well. If my training intensity remains the same, but I’m constantly 15 and dropping weight, this is a 16 that I need to increase my daily caloric intake.
The 17 to stop weighing myself every day has done wonders for my overall health, fitness and well-being. I’m experiencing increased zeal for working out since I no longer carry the burden of a 18 morning weigh-in. I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals, 19 I’m training according to those goals, not the numbers on a scale.
Rather than 20 over the scale, turn your focus to how you look, feel how your clothes fit and your overall energy level.
1.[A]Besides [B]Therefore [C]Otherwise [D]However
【答案】[C] However
【解析】此處考察邏輯關(guān)系。首段提出文章中心：定期稱量自己是一種解任何顯著的的體重波動(dòng)的好方法?？崭袼诰渲赋觯篲___，如果太頻繁，這種習(xí)慣有時(shí)會(huì)造成損害。前文wonderful way(好方法)與后文hurt(損害)形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故填入however(然而)。另外，however也是考研完形填空中的高頻詞。其他選項(xiàng)：therefore(因此)，otherwise(否則)和besides(此外)此處不符合語境，故正確答案為[C] However。
2.[A]helps [B]cares [C]warns [D]reduces
【答案】[D] helps
【解析】此處考察反義復(fù)現(xiàn)?？崭袼诰渲赋觯簍his habit can sometimes hurt more than it ____(這種習(xí)慣的壞處要比____多)，應(yīng)該是help(有幫助，有好處)，與前文hurt(損害)形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。其他選項(xiàng)：Cares(關(guān)心)，warns(警告)，reduces(減少，致使)均不能與hurt形成呼應(yīng)，故正確答案為[D] helps。
3.[A]initially [B]solely [C]occasionally [D]formally
【答案】[A] solely
【解析】此處考察同義復(fù)現(xiàn)+詞義辨析。空格所在句指出：至于我，每天稱自己的重量讓我把注意力從保持健康和好動(dòng)轉(zhuǎn)移到____專注于體重秤。填入solely(僅僅)語義通順。另外本句focusing solely on the scale中的solely(僅僅)與本段后文thinking only of ____ the number on the scale的only形成了同義復(fù)現(xiàn)。故正確答案為[A] solely。
4.[A]recording [B] lowering [C]explaining [D]accepting
【答案】[A] lowering
【解析】此處考察詞義辨析+反義復(fù)現(xiàn)。空格所在句指出：我曾經(jīng)以增加肌肉含量而增重，但后來只考慮____體重的數(shù)量，我改變了我的訓(xùn)練方案。填入lowering(減少)語義通順。另外，該句中間有but，說明前后為轉(zhuǎn)接。lower與前文gain weight(增重)形成反義復(fù)現(xiàn)，其他選項(xiàng)：explaining(解釋)，accepting(接受)，recording(記錄)均不符合文意。故正確答案為[A] lowering。
【答案】[C] reach
【解析】此處考察成分搭配和語義理解?？崭袼诰渲赋觯哼@與我需要訓(xùn)練以____目標(biāo)的方式相沖突。此處填入reach(達(dá)到)與goal(目標(biāo))形成動(dòng)賓搭配，且語義通順，表達(dá)連貫。其他選項(xiàng)：set(設(shè)定)，modify(修改)雖然可以與goal搭配，但文意不符;review(評論;溫習(xí))和goal不能形成搭配。故正確答案為[C] reach。
6.[A]definition [B]depiction [C]distribution [D]prediction
【答案】[A] depiction
【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。分析空格處所在句的句意：我還發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天稱體重并不能為我在健身房所做的努力以及取得的進(jìn)步，提供精確的____，空格處所需的名詞需要使句子完整通順。A選項(xiàng)depiction (描寫，敘述)符合語義要求;B選項(xiàng)distribution(分布，分配)，C選項(xiàng)prediction(預(yù)言，預(yù)測)，D選項(xiàng)definition(定義)帶入空格后，語義不通順，均排除。故正確答案為A選項(xiàng)depiction。
7.[A]due to [B]regardless of [C]aside from [D]along with
【答案】[D] due to
【解析】此處考察短語辨析。空格所在句的句意：需要大約三周到一個(gè)月的時(shí)間來發(fā)現(xiàn)體重的顯著變化，_____改變了你的訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃。空格處所填入的短語需要和前面句子構(gòu)成因果的邏輯關(guān)系，只有D選項(xiàng)due to(由于)符合要求;A選項(xiàng)regardless of(不管，不顧)，B選aside from(除…以外)，C選項(xiàng)along with(與…一起，連同)帶入后，語義不通順。故正確答案為[D]due to。
8.[A]orderly [B]rigid [C]precise [D]immediate
【答案】[C] immediate
【解析】此處考察詞義辨析。分析空格處所在句的句意：最____的改變將會(huì)體現(xiàn)在技能水平，力量和身高降低，空格處所需的形容詞需要和后面的賓語change構(gòu)成語義搭配，并且適合語境。C選項(xiàng)immediate(立即的，直接的)符合語義要求;A選項(xiàng)rigid(嚴(yán)格的)，B選項(xiàng)precise(精確的)，D選項(xiàng)orderly(有秩序的)帶入空格后，語義不通順，均排除。故正確答案為C選項(xiàng)immediate。
9.[A]claims [B]judgments [C]reasons [D]methods
【答案】[B] reasons
【解析】此處考察固定搭配。for these reasons由于這些原因?？崭袼诰渲赋觯河捎谶@些原因(上文提到的原因)，我停止每天稱體重。只有B選項(xiàng)reasons(原因)符合要求;A選項(xiàng)judgments(判斷)，C選methods(方法，方式)，D選項(xiàng)claims(要求，索賠)帶入后，語義不通順。故正確答案為[B]reasons。
10.[A]instead [B]though [C]again [D]indeed
【答案】[D] instead
【解析】此處考察詞義辨析以及上下文語境分析。空格所在句的前半部分指出：由于上述原因，我停止每天稱體重。后半句話句意：而轉(zhuǎn)而改用兩個(gè)月稱一次體重。switched to轉(zhuǎn)而…與選項(xiàng)instead對應(yīng)。D選項(xiàng)instead (代替，反而)符合語義要求;A選項(xiàng)though(雖然，盡管)，B選項(xiàng)again(又，再一次)，C選項(xiàng)indeed(的確，實(shí)在)帶入空格后，語義不通順，均排除。故正確答案為D選項(xiàng)instead。
11.[A]track [B]overlook [C] conceal [D]report
【答案】A. track
【解析】空格所在句提到：Since weight loss is not my goal(因?yàn)闇p重不是我的目的)，it is less important for me to ____my weight each week(對我來說，每周___我的體重不太重要)?？崭裉幩钊氲膭?dòng)詞需要和后面的賓語my weight構(gòu)成通順的動(dòng)賓語義搭配，除此之外，本文的主題是稱重，因此需要觀察、監(jiān)測或跟蹤體重的變化，因此只有A選項(xiàng)track符合語義與主題要求。
12.[A]depend on [B]approve of [C]hold onto [D]account for
【答案】C. account for
【解析】空格所在句提到：Weighing every other week allows me to observe and _____any significant weight changes(每隔一周稱次體重使我能夠觀察及____任何明顯的體重變化)，空格處所填入的動(dòng)詞需和后面的賓語weight changes構(gòu)成通順的動(dòng)賓搭配;同時(shí)，該動(dòng)詞還和observe構(gòu)成并列關(guān)系，并列的動(dòng)詞會(huì)存在動(dòng)作先后發(fā)生的特點(diǎn)(先觀察到體重變化，再來了解或解釋體重變化的原因)，因此只有C選項(xiàng)account for(解釋，了解)更恰當(dāng)。
13.[A]share [B]adjust [C]confirm [D] prepare
【答案】B. adjust
【解析】空格所在處提到：That tells me whether I need to ____my training program(那告訴我，我是否需要____我的訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目)。空格處所填動(dòng)詞需要和后面的賓語training program 構(gòu)成順暢的動(dòng)賓語義關(guān)系;除此之外，that指代上文中“觀察并了解體重變化”，因此此處應(yīng)該表明，觀察并了解體重變化能讓我知道是否需要調(diào)整訓(xùn)練項(xiàng)目。因此B選項(xiàng)adjust符合要求。
14.[A]results [B]features [C]rules [D]tests
【答案】D. results
【解析】空格處所在句提到：I use my bimonthly weigh-in____to get information about my nutrition as well(我根據(jù)兩個(gè)月稱重一次的___來獲得關(guān)于我的營養(yǎng)方面的信息)。空格處所填名詞需和bimonthly weigh-in構(gòu)成順暢的語義關(guān)系，空格處上文提到“兩個(gè)月稱重一次可以觀察并了解任何明顯的體重變化”，因此空格處應(yīng)該表示“稱重結(jié)果”，故D選項(xiàng)results為正確答案。
15.[A]bored [B]anxious [C]hungry [D]sick
【答案】B. hungry
【解析】空格處提到：if……I am constantly____and dropping weight, this is a sign that I need to increase my daily caloric intake(如果……我持續(xù)___以及體重下降，那么這是一個(gè)標(biāo)志表明我需要增加日常卡路里攝入)，根據(jù)條件狀從和主句的條件與結(jié)果的邏輯關(guān)系，空格處填入“hungry(饑餓)”更符合語義要求。
16.[A]principle [B]secret [C]belief [D]sign
【答案】[C] sign
【試題考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+名詞辨析
【解析】空格之前的“this”指代前面if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句“如果我運(yùn)動(dòng)量保持不變，但總是覺得餓并且體重下降”，空格后面that引導(dǎo)的定語從句“我需要增加每日卡路里的攝取”，根據(jù)前后語義，此空填sign“信號”最合理。
17.[A]request [B]necessity [C]decision [D]wish
【答案】[B] decision
【試題考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接
【解析】空格后動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)“to stop weighing myself every day”作空格處名詞的定語，“停止每天稱體重這個(gè)_____”，根據(jù)語義，此處填decision“決定”最合理。
18.[A]disappointing [B]surprising [C]restricting [D]consuming
【答案】[D] disappointing
【試題考點(diǎn)】上下文意義銜接+形容詞辨析
【解析】此空在 of介詞短語中，修飾名詞“burden負(fù)擔(dān)”，根據(jù)語義色彩，此處應(yīng)該填貶義詞，因此disappointing“令人失望的”最合理。
19.[A]if because [B]unless [C]until [D]consuming
【答案】[A] because
【試題考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯
【解析】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特征看出本題考查句內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，前半句話“I’ve also experienced greater success in achieving my specific fitness goals”(我也更成功地實(shí)現(xiàn)了健身目標(biāo))，后半句“I’m training according to those goals, mot the numbers on scale.”(我根據(jù)那些目標(biāo)來訓(xùn)練，而不是體重?cái)?shù)字。)此處應(yīng)為因果關(guān)系，所以正確選項(xiàng)為because。此外，本句話中的“also”表明與前一句話之間的關(guān)系，前一句話中的since也表示因果關(guān)系。
20.[A]obsessing [B]dominating [C]puzzling [D]triumphing
【答案】[D] obssessing
【試題考點(diǎn)】上線文銜接+詞義辨析
【解析】根據(jù)選項(xiàng)特征，此空填入動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，其邏輯主語為句子主語you，賓語為thescale，通過上文可知，作者對于“the scale”一直持否定態(tài)度，因此此空根據(jù)語義色彩排除dominating“統(tǒng)治”和triumphing“勝利”，而puzzling over 表示“仔細(xì)琢磨，冥思苦想”，與上下文語義不符。因此選obsessing“使困擾”。
Section II Reading Comprehension
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)
Text 1
Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”; rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends—and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing.
In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad rap. It is deeply uncomfortable—it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” says Amrisha Vaish, a psychology researcher at the University of Virginia, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary—feelings that may be advantageous in one context may be harmful in another. Jealousy and anger, for example, may have evolved to alert us to important inequalities. Too much happiness can be destructive.
And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to make up for errors and fix relationships. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. It is a kind of social glue.
Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can rein in their nastier impulses. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt.
In a 2014 study, for example, Malti looked at 244 children. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions. Then the kids were handed chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how inclined they were to feel guilty. The guilt-prone ones shared more, even though they hadn’t magically become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation.
“That’s good news,” Malti says. “We can be prosocial because we caused harm and we feel regret.”
21.Researchers think that guilt can be a good thing because it may help______.
A)regulate a child's basic emotions
B)improve a child's intellectual ability
C)foster a child’s moral development
D)intensity a child's positive feelings
【答案】C foster a child’s positive feelings
【解析】根據(jù)題干“researchers”， “guilt”， “a good thing”關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段最后一句，除此之外，提干中還有關(guān)鍵詞“because”， 判定該題屬于細(xì)節(jié)題中考查因果邏輯關(guān)系的題目，需要在原文中精準(zhǔn)回文定位;原文中第一段最后一段明確出現(xiàn)了“This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt…a good thing.”根據(jù)代詞向前文指代的原則，題干中所問的原因就在上一句，由“Children aren’t born knowing how to say ‘I’m sorry’， rather, they learn over time that such statements appease parents and friends----and their own conscience”，其中的“such statements appease parents and friends----and their own conscience”(該品質(zhì)能夠使父母/朋友和孩子自己都感覺更舒適)，such statements指代的即為“say sorry”或文章主題詞guilt, 縱觀四個(gè)選型，只有C選項(xiàng)foster a child’s moral development(提高孩子的道德發(fā)展)可以實(shí)現(xiàn)同義替換，故為正確答案。其余選項(xiàng)A.regulate a child’s basic emotions (管理孩子基本情緒)中的regulate原文未提及， B. improve a child’s intellectual ability(改善孩子的智力)中intellectual ability原文未提及，而D.intensify a child’s positive feelings(加強(qiáng)孩子的積極感覺)在原文中未提及，故排除。
22.According to paragraph 2, many people still consider guilt to be______.
A)deceptive
B)burdensome
C)addictive
D) deception
【答案】B burdensome
【解析】 根據(jù)題干可知這是一個(gè)典型的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息 “paragraph 2, “ many people still consider guild to be”定位到第二段，最終鎖定對本段第二句話的理解，尤其關(guān)鍵的是對第二句話中破折號的理解，“it is deeply uncomfortable-it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. ” (這種感覺非常不舒服，就像穿著一件石頭做的夾克一樣) , 對比所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有 B 項(xiàng)“burdensome”(負(fù)擔(dān)沉重的，繁重的)與原文表述一致，故為最佳答案。 A項(xiàng)“deceptive” (欺騙的) C項(xiàng)“addictive”(上癮的) 以及D項(xiàng)“inexcusable” (不可原諒的)均與原文表述不一致，故排除。
23. Vaish hold that the rethinking about guilt comes from an awareness that______.
A)emotions are context-independent
B)emotions are socially constructive
C)emotional stability can benefit health
D)an emotion can play opposing roles
【答案】D an emotion can play opposing roles
【解析】根據(jù)題干可知這是一個(gè)典型的細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵信息 “Vaish holds that …awareness that.” 定位本文的第二段 “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking …can serve.”但是這句話是他的觀點(diǎn)句，也就是題干信息所在句，本句沒有答案，因此，根據(jù)線性思維，下文他又繼續(xù)補(bǔ)充到“adding that this revival is a psychology researcher……in another ”(這種復(fù)興是更大的認(rèn)識的一部分，即情緒不是二元情感，在一個(gè)情境中有利的情緒在另一個(gè)情境中可能是有害的)， 對比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有 D“an emotion can play opposing roles” (情緒可以起到相反的作用) 為最佳答案。A項(xiàng)“emotions are context-independent”(情緒與語境無關(guān))與原文表述相反。 B 項(xiàng)“emotions are socially constructive”(從社會(huì)角度講，情緒具有積極性) 在文中沒有提及。C項(xiàng)“emotional stability can benefit health”(情緒穩(wěn)定有益與身體健康) 在文中沒有提及，故排除。
24. Malti and others have shown that cooperation and sharing _______.
A. may help correct emotional deficiencies
B. can result from either sympathy or guilt
C. can bring about emotional satisfaction
D. may be the outcome of impulsive acts
【答案】B can result from either sympathy or guilt
【解析】根據(jù)題干可知這是一道人物觀點(diǎn)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“Malti and others have shown 與cooperation and sharing.”回文定位到第四段第三句：“Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing.” (馬爾蒂和其他人已經(jīng)表明，內(nèi)疚和同情可能代表了合作和分享的不同途徑。) 對比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，只有B項(xiàng) can result from either sympathy or guilt(要么歸因于同情，要么歸因于內(nèi)疚)與原文表述一致，故為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)may help correct emotional deficiencies(可能有助于改正情感缺陷)與第四段第二句話… that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency(內(nèi)疚可能會(huì)彌補(bǔ)情感缺陷)不符。C項(xiàng)can bring about emotional satisfaction(能夠帶來情感上的滿足)并未提及。D項(xiàng)may be the outcome of impulsive acts (可能是沖動(dòng)行為的結(jié)果) 與第四段第三句…which can rein in their nastier impulses(這可以控制他們更糟糕的沖動(dòng))因果倒置，故排除。
25. The word “transgressions” (Para.5) is closest in meaning to _______.
A. teachings
B. discussions
C. restrictions
D. wrongdoings
【答案】D wrongdoings
【解析】根據(jù)題干要求定位到第五段第二句話“Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, she rated each child's overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions after moral transgressions.” 且位于主句的“transgressions”的前面出現(xiàn)to feel negative emotions，情感屬于消極貶義。對比四個(gè)選項(xiàng)，D項(xiàng)wrongdoings壞事，不道德的行為，屬于貶義詞，與其情感色彩一致，故為正確選項(xiàng)。A項(xiàng)teachings 教導(dǎo)，屬于褒義詞。B項(xiàng)discussions 討論，屬于中性詞 。C項(xiàng)restrictions 限制;約束，屬于中性詞，故排除。
Text 2
Forests give us shade, quiet and one of the larder callenges in the fight against climate change. Even as we humans count on forests to soak up a good share of the carbon dioxide we produce, we are threatening their ability to do so. The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forests that emit more carbon than they absorb.
Thankfully, there is a way out of this trap-but it involves striking a subtle balance. Helping forests flourish as valuable “carbon sinks” long into the future may require reducing their capacity to absorb carbon now. California is leading the way, as it does on so many climate efforts, in figuring out the details.
The state’s proposed Forest Carbon Plan aims to double efforts to thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest. This temporarily lowers carbon-carrying capacity. But the remaining trees draw a greater share of the available moisture, so they grow and thrive, restoring the forest’s capacity to pull carbon from the air. Healthy trees are also better able to fend off insects. The landscape is rendered less easily burnable. Even in the event of a fine, fewer trees are consumed.
The need for such planning is increasingly urgent. Already, since 2010, drought and insects have killed over 100 million trees in California, most of them in 2016 alone, and wildfires have burned hundreds of thousands of acres.
California plans to treat 35,000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030- financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions- permit auctions. That’s only a small share of the total acreage that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
The strategy also aims to ensure that carbon in woody material removed from the forests is locked away in the form of solid lumber or burned as biofuel in vehicles that would otherwise run on fossil fuels. New research on transportation biofuels is already under way.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused on wildlife, watersheds and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expected to be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
26. By saying “one of the harder challenges,” the author implies that _______.
A. global climate change may get out of control
B. people may misunderstand global warming
C. extreme weather conditions may arise
D. forests may become a potential threat
【答案】D forests may become a potential threat
【解析】 根據(jù)題干信息詞定位到首段。第一句引出文章話題“在人類對抗氣候變化中，森林給我們帶來了一個(gè)更為艱巨的挑戰(zhàn)?！钡诙渲赋鋈祟愓谕{到森林吸收二氧化碳的能力。第三句“The climate change we are hastening could one day leave us with forest that emit more carbon than they absorb.”為本段的主題句，指出我們?nèi)祟愃斐傻臍夂蜃兓瘑栴}最終會(huì)使得森林排放更多的二氧化碳，而不是吸收。即森林可能會(huì)威脅氣候的惡化和人類的生存。故選擇D項(xiàng)“森林可能會(huì)變?yōu)橐粋€(gè)潛在威脅。”
27. To maintain forests as valuable “carbon sinks,” we may need to _______.
A. preserve the diversity of species in them
B. accelerate the growth of young trees
C. strike a balance among different plants
D. lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
【答案】D Lower their present carbon-absorbing capacity
【解析】根據(jù)題干要求定位到第二段。該段首句中的前半句there is a way out of this trap對應(yīng)題干中To maintain forest as valuable “carbon sinks”， 后半句提出具體的解決方法it involves striking a subtle balance(這需要達(dá)到一個(gè)微妙的平衡)，但并沒有說這個(gè)平衡是不同植被間的平衡，故不能據(jù)此選[C]strike a balance among different plants。緊接著第二句提到要達(dá)到這一目的可能需要reducing their (forests’) capacity to absorb carbon now(降低他們(森林)現(xiàn)在吸收碳的能力)，由此可知正確答案應(yīng)為[D]選項(xiàng)。
28. California’s Forest Carbon Plan endeavors to _______.
A. cultivate more drought-resistant trees
B. reduce the density of some of its forests
C. find more effective ways to kill insects
D. restore its forests quickly after wildfires
【答案】B reduce the density of some of its forests
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題做題的技巧是“準(zhǔn)確定位和匹配”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞 “Forest Carbon Plan”定位至第三段第一句話。題干中問題是“endeavor to”表示“努力做…”對應(yīng)文章中 “double efforts to” ,因此答案在這個(gè)短語之后即“thin out young trees and clear brush in parts of the forest”表示的意思是使“森林里部分小樹變稀疏，清理部分灌木”，這與選項(xiàng)C中的“reduce the density of some of its fforests”即“降低森林的密度”一致。因此正確答案選C。
29. What is essential to California’s plan according to Paragraph 5?
A.To handle the areas in serious danger first.
B.To carry it out before the year of 2020.
C.To perfect the emissions-permit auctions.
D.To obtain enough financial support.
【答案】A To handle the areas inserious danger first
【解析】根據(jù)題目定位到第5段，題目What is essential to California's plan 中的essential可回文定位，對應(yīng)原文中的so it will be vital to prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought的vital，其后的prioritize對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的handle…first，areas at greatest risk對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的the areas in serious danger，故正確選項(xiàng)為A。
30. The author’s attitude to California’s plan can best be described as _______.
A. ambiguous
B. tolerant
C. supportive
D. cautious
【答案】C supportive
【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“attitude”，可確定是態(tài)度題。做態(tài)度題的核心是把握明顯感情色彩的關(guān)鍵詞，即可快速得出答案。而在文章的最后一段，往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)本文的結(jié)論，容易出現(xiàn)感情色彩的關(guān)鍵詞。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句，California's plan, which is ……， should serve as a model (California的計(jì)劃應(yīng)該能夠起到榜樣作用)，model是一個(gè)積極色彩的詞匯，所以答案選B supportive 支持的。
Text 3
American farmers have been complaining of labor shortages for several years. The complaints are unlikely to stop without an overhaul of immigration rules for farm workers.
Congress has obstructed efforts to create a more straightforward visa for agricultural workers that would let foreign workers stay longer in the U.S. and change jobs within the industry. If this doesn’t change, American businesses, communities, and consumers will be the losers.
Perhaps half of U.S. farm laborers are undocumented immigrants. As fewer such workers enter the country, the characteristics of the agricultural workforce are changing. Today’s farm laborers, while still predominantly born in Mexico, are more likely to be settled rather than migrating and more likely to be married than single. They’re also aging. At the start of this century, about one-third of crop workers were over the age of 35. Now more than half are. And picking crops is hard on older bodies. One oft-debated cure for this labor shortage remains as implausible as it’s been all along: Native U.S. workers won’t be returning to the farm.
Mechanization isn’t the answer, either—not yer, at least. Production of corn, cotton, rice, soybeans, and wheat has been largely mechanized, but many high-value, labor-intensive corps, such as strawberries, need labor. Even dairy farms, where robots do a small share of milking, have a long way to go before they’re automated.
As a result, farms have grown increasingly reliant on temporary guest workers using the H-2A visa to fill the gaps in the workforce. Starting around 2012, requests for the visas rose sharply; from 2011 to 2016 the number of visas issued more than doubled.
The H-2A visa has no numerical cap, unlike the H-2B visa for nonagricultural work, which is limited to 66,000 a year. Even so, employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need. The process is cumbersome, expensive, and unreliable. One survey found that bureaucratic delays led the average H-2A worker to arrive on the job 22 days late. The shortage is compounded by federal immigration raids, which remove some workers and drive others underground.
In a 2012 survey, 71 percent of tree-fruit growers and almost 80 percent of raisin and berry growers said they were short of labor. Some western farmers have responded by moving operations to Mexico. From 1998 to 2000, 14.5 percent of the fruit Americans consumed was imported. Little more than a decade later, the share of imports was 25.8 percent.
In effect, the U.S. can import food or it can import the workers who pick it.
31. What problem should be addressed according to the first two paragraphs?
A. Discrimination against foreign workers in the U.S.
B. Biased laws in favor of some American businesses.
C. Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers.
D. Decline of job opportunities U.S. agriculture.
【答案】 [C] Flaws in U.S. immigration rules for farm workers
【解析】根據(jù)題干提示詞first two paragraphs可知本題依據(jù)文章前兩段命制，為雙段推理型題目。快速掃讀可知前兩段大意為：美國針對外來農(nóng)民所定移民規(guī)則中存在一些問題，并指出如不及時(shí)解決美國商業(yè)，社會(huì)以及消費(fèi)者都會(huì)受到影響。比對選項(xiàng)可直接判斷正確選項(xiàng)為C項(xiàng)，其余選項(xiàng)均屬無中生有，直接排除。
32. One trouble with U.S. agricultural workforce is .
A. the rising number of illegal immigrants
B. the high mobility of crop workers
C. the lack of experienced laborers
D. the aging of immigrant farm workers
【答案】[D] the aging of immigrant farm workers
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)推理題。根據(jù)題干中的trouble, U.S. agricultural workforce以及段落序列定位到文中第三段第二句。定位段第三至七句都在論證第二句的內(nèi)容，其中第三句論證的是勞動(dòng)力的來源及其傾向，第四至七句論證的是勞動(dòng)力在變老并指出picking crops is hard on older bodies. 與選項(xiàng)D吻合。選項(xiàng)A中的rising及illegal屬于無中生有，選項(xiàng)B中的high mobility與定位段中的farm labors are more likely to be settled rather than immigrating矛盾，選項(xiàng)C屬無中生有。
33.What is the much-argued solution to the labor shortage in U.S. farming?
A. To attract younger laborers to farm work.
B. To get native U.S. workers back to farming.
C. To use more robots to grow high-value crops.
D. To strengthen financial support for farmers.
【答案】 [B] To get native U.S. workers back to farming.
【解析】細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的much-argued solution to the labor shortage定位到第三段最后一句，其中oft-debated對應(yīng)原文的much-argued，solution對應(yīng)原文的cure，剩余信息出答案，冒號解釋了這個(gè)經(jīng)常被談?wù)摰姆椒ǎ好绹緡と瞬粫?huì)重返農(nóng)場。說明本身的解決方法是讓美國本國工人回到農(nóng)場，與選項(xiàng)[B]一致。[A]選項(xiàng)attract younger laborers在文章未體現(xiàn)，文章只是提到現(xiàn)在的farm laborer在老齡化。[C]選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在文章的第四段，文章只是說在high-value crops上需要?jiǎng)趧?dòng)力。在乳牛場機(jī)器人只做了一小部分工作。選項(xiàng)將兩部分雜糅在一起了。[D]選項(xiàng)中financial support在文中未提及，屬于無中生有。
34. Agricultural employers complain about the H-2A visa for its .
A. slow granting procedures
B. limit on duration of stay
C. tightened requirements
D. control of annual admissions
【答案】 [A] slow granting procedures
【解析】 因果細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干中的具體信息，agricultural employers，complain，about the H-2A visa?；匚亩ㄎ坏降诹?。根據(jù)具體信息定位到第六段的，Employers complain they aren’t given all the workers they need.這句話是抱怨的內(nèi)容，文中問的是原因，緊接著下面一句話，the process is cumbersome，expensive，and unreliable.并且在這句話后面one survey 是例子。根據(jù)例子證明論點(diǎn)，下面的例子和前面的the process這句話表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)是一致的。同時(shí)，在例子中有for的同義詞lead to，導(dǎo)致了arrive on the job 22 days late. Delay，late 對應(yīng)選項(xiàng)中的slow，procedure對應(yīng)process。所以選A。 B中的limit，原文后面跟著是人數(shù)66,000，偷換概念。C中的request出現(xiàn)在例子中，說的是visa rose sharply。D項(xiàng)文中未提及，無中生有。
35. Which of the following could be the best title for this text?
A. U.S. Agriculture in Decline?
B. Import Food or Labor?
C. America Saved by Mexico?
D. Manpower vs. Automation?
【答案】B Import Food or Labor?
【解析】主旨題。文章第一段明確指出美國農(nóng)民面臨勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題，而這一問題的根源在于針對農(nóng)場工人的移民制度。二段和三段分析了移民簽證和移民現(xiàn)狀的沖突。第四段指出機(jī)械化并不能解決該問題。第五和六段分析了現(xiàn)在農(nóng)場工人所依賴的H-2A簽證政策也沒能有助于解決勞動(dòng)力短缺。第七段通過研究調(diào)查再次確定了勞動(dòng)力短缺的問題。最后一段總結(jié)指出解決方案，美國要么進(jìn)口食品，要么進(jìn)口農(nóng)場勞動(dòng)力。Labor為本文中復(fù)現(xiàn)的主題詞。故正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)中的decline夸大概念。C選項(xiàng)中的saved無中生有，D選項(xiàng)中的Automation斷章取義，且與原文表述相反。
Text 4
Amold Schwarzenegger. Dia Mirza and Adrian Grenier have a message for you. It’s easy to beat plastic. They’re part of a bunch of celebrities starring in a new video for World Environment Day—encouraging you, the consumer, to swap out your single-use plastic staples like straws and cutlery to combat the plastics crisis.
The key messages that have been put together for World Environment Day do include a call for governments to enact legislation to curb single-use plastics. But the overarching message is directed at individuals.
My concern with leaving it up to the individual, however, is our limited sense of what needs to be achieved. One their own, taking our own bags to the grocery store or quitting plastic straws, for example, will accomplish little and require very little of us. They could even be detrimental, satisfying a need to have “done our bit” without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions—a kind of “moral licensing” that allays our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge.
While the conversation around our environment and our responsibility toward it remains centered on shopping hags and straws, we’re ignoring the balance of power that implies that as “consumers” we must shop sustainably, rather than as “ citizens” hole our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change.
It’s important to acknowledge that the environment isn’t everyone’s priority-or even most people’s. We shouldn’t expect it to be. In her latest book, Why Good People Do Bad Environmental Things. Wellesley College professor Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large numbers of people is for the change to be structural.
This might mean implementing policy such as a plastic tax that adds a cost to environmentally problematic action, or banning single-use plastics altogether. India has just announced it will “eliminate all single-use plastic in the country by 2022.” There are also incentive-based ways of making better environmental choices easier, such as ensuring recycling is at least as easy as trash disposal.
DeSombre isn’t saying people should stop caring about the environment. It’s just that individual actions are too slow, she says, for that to be the only, or even primary, approach to changing widespread behavior.
None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action (and rein in polluting businesses)， alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.
36. Some celebrities star in a new video to
A. demand new laws on the use of plastics
B. urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
C. invite public opinion on the plastics crisis
D. disclose the causes of the plastics crisis
【答案】A urge consumers to cut the use of plastics
【解析】從題干” some celebrities star in a new video to”定位第一段第3句：“ They’re part of a bunch to celebrities starring in a new video for……to swap out your single-use plastic staples to combat the plastics crisis. ”意為：“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者減少單一使用塑料制品，與塑料制品危機(jī)抗?fàn)帯保cA 選項(xiàng) “urge consumers to cut the use of plastics”“鼓勵(lì)消費(fèi)者減少塑料袋的使用”含義相符合。
37.The author is concerned that “moral licensing” may
A. mislead us into doing worthless things
B. prevent us from making further efforts
C. weaken our sense of accomplishment
D. suppress our desire for success
【答案】A prevent us from making further efforts
【解析】根據(jù)題干the author is concerned that “crisis licensing”定位到第3段，最后一句：“they could even …to have done our bit without ever progressing onto bigger, bolder, more effective actions---… a kind of “crisis licensing “ that eases our concerns and stops us doing more and asking more of those in charge” 意為：“……他們沒有采取更大，更明顯，更有效的舉措…”與A選項(xiàng)“ prevent us from making further efforts” “妨礙我們進(jìn)一步的舉措”含義相符。
38. By pointing out out identity “citizens”， the author indicates that
A. our focus should be shifted to community welfare
B. our relationship with local industries is improving
C. We have been actively exercising our civil rights
D. We should press our government to lead the combat
【答案】C we should press our governments to lead the combat
【解析】根據(jù)題干…“citizens”， the author indicates that, 定位到第4段，最后半句 rather than as “citizens”hold our governments and industries to account to push for real systemic change. 意為：“ 而不是作為”citizens” 去要求政府和工業(yè)去推行真正的系統(tǒng)化的改變。言外之意，就是作者希望政府做出改變?nèi)?yīng)對現(xiàn)在的情形。與C選項(xiàng)中“we should press our governments to lead the combat” “我們應(yīng)該向政府施壓，使之主導(dǎo)這次抗?fàn)帯毕喾稀?/p>
39. DeSombre argues that the best way for a collective change should be
A. a win-win arrangement
B. a self-driven mechanism
C. a cost-effective approach
D. a top down process
【答案】C a top- down process
【解析】根據(jù)題干可知這是一道觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位在第五、六段“Elizabeth R. DeSombre argues that the best way to collectively change the behavior of large number of people is for the change to be structural” 由該段可知，DeSombre認(rèn)為集體性的改變大多數(shù)人行為的最好的方式就是使其變成結(jié)構(gòu)性的。六段進(jìn)一步從人們和政府的角度，闡述了這種結(jié)構(gòu)化的改變，所以選項(xiàng)C a top-down process，自上而下的過程，符合文意。
40. The author concludes that individual efforts
A. can be too aggressive
B. can be too inconsistent
C. are far from sufficient
D. are far from rational
【答案】B are far from sufficient
【解析】根據(jù)題干可知這是一道觀點(diǎn)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞可定位在最后一段，“None of this is about writing off the individual. It’s just about putting things into perspective. We don’t have time to wait. We need progressive policies that shape collective action, alongside engaged citizens pushing for change.”由該段可知，作者認(rèn)為并不是要抹殺個(gè)人，只是換一個(gè)角度去思考問題，我們沒時(shí)間再等待，我們需要能夠形成集體行為的進(jìn)步政策，以及推動(dòng)變革的熱心公民。所以作者強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的努力還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠，還需要政策的進(jìn)一步支持，選擇B選項(xiàng)，are far from sufficient。
Part B
Directions:
You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45)。 Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)
Five ways to make conversation with anyone
In choosing a new home, Camille McClain’s kids have single demand: a backyard.
McClain’s little one aren’t the only kids who have an opinion when it comes to housing, and in many cases youngsters’ views weigh heavily on parents’ real estate decisions, according to a 2018 Harris Poll survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults.
While more families buck an older-generation proclivity to leave kids in the dark about real estate decisions, realty agents and psychologists have mixed views about the financial, personal and long-term effects kids’ opinions may have.
The idea of involving children in a big decision is a great idea because it can help them feel a sense of control and ownership in what can be an overwhelming process, said Ryan Hooper, clinical psychologist in Chicago.
“Children may face serious difficulties in coping with significant moves, especially if it removes them from their current school or support system,”he said.
Greg Jaroszewski, a real estate brokers with Gagliardo Realty Associates, said he’s not convinced that kids should be involved in selecting a home—but their opinions should be considered in regards to proximity to friends and social activities, if possible.
Younger children should feel like they’re choosing their home—without actually getting a choice in the matter, said Adam Bailey, a real estate attorney based in New York.
Asking them questions about what they like about the backyard of a potential home will make them feel like they’re being included in the decision-making process, Bailey said.
Many of the aspects of homebuying aren’t a consideration for children, said Tracey Hampson, a real estate agent based in Santa Clarita, Calif. And placing too much emphasis on their opinions can ruin a fantastic home purchase.
“Speaking with your children before you make a real estate decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”Hampson said.
The other issue is that many children-especially older ones-may base their real estate knowledge on HGTV shows, said Aaron Norris of The Norris Group in Riverside, Calif.
“They love Chip and Joanna Gaines just as much as the rest of us,” he said. “HGTV has seriously changed how people view real estate. It’s not shelter, it’s a lifestyle. With that mindset change come some serious money consequences.”
Kids tend to get stuck in the features and the immediate benefits to them personally, Norris said.
Parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires may change over time, said Julie Gurner, a real estate analyst with FitSmallBusiness.com.
“Their opinions can change tomorrow,”Gurner said.“Harsh as it may be to say, that decision should likely not be made contingent on a child’s opinions, but rather made for them with great consideration into what home can meet their needs best-and give them an opportunity to customize it a bit and make it their own.”
This advice is more relevant now than ever before, even as more parents want to embrace the ideas of their children, despite the current housing crunch.
41、【答案】A(remarks that significant moves may pose challenges to children)
【解析】題干考察Ryan Hooper的觀點(diǎn)，回文定位Ryan Hooper這個(gè)人說的話，一共兩句，很多同學(xué)容易根據(jù)第一句話(第四段)誤選D選項(xiàng)。仔細(xì)觀察D選項(xiàng)，原文第四段說的是應(yīng)該給孩子a sense of control and ownership, D選項(xiàng)說的是a sense of involvement，屬于偷換概念，因此排除;再看Ryan Hooper說的第二句話(第5段)，根據(jù)第二句話，得出A選項(xiàng)是Ryan Hooper觀點(diǎn)的等價(jià)代換，其中significant moves 對應(yīng)原文中的significant moves，pose challenges to children就等于原文中的children may face serious difficulties. 故此題選A。
42、【答案】D(thinks that children should be given a sense of involvement in……)
【解析】題干考察Adam Bailey的觀點(diǎn)，回文定位Ryan Hooper這個(gè)人說的話在第七段，第八段。其實(shí)這兩句話意思幾乎一致，為同義復(fù)現(xiàn)，第七段中的 should feel like they are choosing their home 等同于第八段中的…will make them feel like they are being included in the decision-making process，D選項(xiàng)中的involvement 對應(yīng)原文中的being included, in homebuying decisions對應(yīng)原文的in the decision-making process. 故此題選擇D。
43、【答案】C(advises that home purchases should not be based only on……)
【解析】 根據(jù)人名“Tracy Hampson”定位至第十段，“Speaking with your children before you make a decision is wise, but I wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions.”這句話中的 wouldn’t base the purchasing decision solely on their opinions是 should not be based only on children’s opinions 的同義改寫。
44、【答案】G(assumes that many children’s views on real estate are ……)
【解析】定位Aaron Norris,在原文第十一段，往前看他的觀點(diǎn)The other issue is that…on HGTV shows句意為很多孩子對房地產(chǎn)的知識基于HGTV的節(jié)目，再看下一段(也是Aaron Norris的觀點(diǎn))，HGTV has…changed how people view real estate…首先HGTV shows為G選項(xiàng)中media的同義替換，其次view real estate三詞均可在選項(xiàng)和原文中找到對應(yīng)，最后選項(xiàng)中influenced對應(yīng)文中的changed，所以正答為G。
45、【答案】F(believes that homebuying decisions should be based on ……)
【解析】本題問的是Julie Gurner的觀點(diǎn)。定位至文章倒數(shù)第二、三段。倒數(shù)三段中說到parents need to remind their children that their needs and desires…在此提出了父母要向孩子說明needs需求以及desires欲望這兩方面，而緊接著倒數(shù)二段中直接又提到their opinions can change tomorrow…能夠確定JG這人對于opinions持否定態(tài)度正好對應(yīng)到F選項(xiàng)中的rather than their opinions。因此確定F選項(xiàng)為正確答案。
Section Ⅲ Translation
46. Directions:
Translate the following text into Chinese. Write your translation neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)
It is easy to underestimate English writer James Heriot. He had such a pleasant, readable style that one might think that anyone could imitate it. How many times have I heard people say “I could write a book. I just haven’t the time.” Easily said. Not so easily done. James Herriot, contrary to pupular opinion, did not find it easy in his early days of, as he put it, “having a go at the writing game”。 While he obviously had an abundance of natural talent, the final, polished work that he gave to the world was the result of years of practising, re-writing and reading. Like the majority of authors, he had to suffer many disappointments and rejections along the way, but these made him all the more determined to succeed. Everything he achieved in life was earned the hard way and his success in the literary field was no exception.
【全文翻譯】
我們很容易低估英國作家吉米?哈利。他有著一種令人愉快的、可讀的風(fēng)格，有人認(rèn)為這種風(fēng)格任何人都可以模仿得來。很多次我聽到人們說：“我能寫一本書，我只是沒時(shí)間?！闭f起來容易，做起來難。然而與大家通常所想的不同， 正如吉米?哈利所言，他在早年覺得“嘗試寫作游戲”并非易事。顯然，即便他極具寫作天賦，哈利呈現(xiàn)給這個(gè)世界的作品也是經(jīng)過多年的練習(xí)、重寫、閱讀并且經(jīng)過潤色之后才得以形成的。與大多數(shù)作家一樣，一路走來，吉米?哈利不得不經(jīng)受多次的失望與拒絕，但是這一切更堅(jiān)定了他獲取成功的決心。他生命中所取得的一切，都是依靠自己艱苦的努力所獲得的。他在文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的成功也不例外。
【試題點(diǎn)評】翻譯考查考生在準(zhǔn)確理解的基礎(chǔ)上，按照英語語法結(jié)構(gòu)拆分句子，準(zhǔn)確、通順翻譯漢語的能力。具體相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)和解題思路在考研教育網(wǎng)考研英語強(qiáng)化班的翻譯部分有重點(diǎn)講解。
Section IV Writing
Part A
47. Directions: Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith, write him an email to
Suppose Professor Smith asked you to plan a debate on the theme of traffic. Write him an email to
1) Suggest a specific topic with your reasons, and
2) Tell him about your arrangements.
You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHETE.
Do not use your one name. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)
Part B
48. Directions: Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should
1) interpret the chart, and
2) give your comments
You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)